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CA Cancer J Clin 2001; 51:290
doi: 10.3322/canjclin.51.5.290
© 2001 American Cancer Society
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Oral Mucositis Complicating Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy: Options for Prevention and Treatment

Wolfgang J. Köstler, MD, Michael Hejna, MD, Catharina Wenzel, MD and Christoph C. Zielinski, MD

Dr. Köstler is resident at the Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Vienna, Austria.
Dr. Hejna is fellow at the Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Vienna, Austria.
Dr. Wenzel is resident at the Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Vienna, Austria.
Dr. Zielinski is Professor for Internal Medicine and Medical-Experimental Oncology and Chair for Medical-Experimental Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Vienna and member of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical-Experimental Oncology in Vienna, Austria.

Chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis represents a therapeutic challenge frequently encountered in cancer patients. This side effect causes significant morbidity and may delay the treatment plan, as well as increase therapeutic expenses.

The pathogenesis of this debilitating side effect can be attributed to the direct mucosal toxicity of cytotoxic agents and ionizing radiation and to indirect mucosal damage caused by a concomitant inflammatory reaction exacerbated in the presence of neutropenia, and the emergence of bacterial, mycotic, and viral infections. The prophylactic and therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of oral mucositis consists of locally and systemically applied nonpharmacological measures and pharmacotherapeutics.




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