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Dr. Michaelson is Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Dr. Cotter is Resident, Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, MA.
Dr. Gargollo is Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Dr. Zietman is Professor of Radiation Oncology, Jenot and William Shipley, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Dr. Dahl is Associate in Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital; and Assistant Professor of Surgery (Urology), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Dr. Smith is Associate Professor of Medicine; and Director of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Disclosures: Dr. Zeitman receives an honorarium for serving as a speaker for Ismar Healthcare. Dr. Smith serves as a consultant for Amgen, Novartis Oncology, Merck, and GTx. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Published online through CA First Look at http://CAonline.AmCancer.Soc.org.
To earn free CME credit for successfully completing the online quiz based on this article, go to http://CME.AmCancerSoc.org.
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous cancer in men in the United States. Treatment of men with prostate cancer commonly involves surgical, radiation, or hormone therapy. Most men with prostate cancer live for many years after diagnosis and may never suffer morbidity or mortality attributable to prostate cancer. The short-term and long-term adverse consequences of therapy are, therefore, of great importance. Adverse effects of radical prostatectomy include immediate postoperative complications and long-term urinary and sexual complications. External beam or interstitial radiation therapy in men with localized prostate cancer may lead to urinary, gastrointestinal, and sexual complications. Improvements in surgical and radiation techniques have reduced the incidence of many of these complications. Hormone treatment typically consists of androgen deprivation therapy, and consequences of such therapy may include vasomotor flushing, anemia, and bone density loss. Numerous clinical trials have studied the role of bone antiresorptive therapy for prevention of bone density loss and fractures. Other long-term consequences of androgen deprivation therapy may include adverse body composition changes and increased risk of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Ongoing and planned clinical trials will continue to address strategies to prevent treatment-related side effects and improve quality of life for men with prostate cancer.
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